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MikroC PRO for PICand this manual are owned by mikroElektronika and are protected by copyright law and international copyright treaty. Therefore, you should treat this manual like any other copyrighted material (e.g., a book). The manual and the compiler may not be copied, partially or as a whole without the written consent from the. MikroC PRO for PIC. 3.9 on 190 votes. MikroC PRO for PIC is a full-featured ANSI C compiler for PIC devices from Microchip. The mikroC Pro for PIC language includes a 7-segment LED editor that can be used to find the decimal or hexadecimal codes to be sent to a port to display a given pattern. All you need to do is to click on the LED segments and the corresponding value in Hex or decimal will be generated for common anode and common cathode.

ENJOY LEARNING WITH #HAYDERTECHNOLOGYThis is a complete series explaining all the things about MicroC PRO for PIC Microcontroller. Starting from downloadi.
The mikroC PRO for PIC provides routines for implementing Software I²C communication. These routines are hardware independent and can be used with any MCU. The Software I²C library enables you to use MCU as Master in I²C communication. Multi-master mode is not supported.

UART Library

The UART hardware module is available with a number of PIC compliant MCUs. The mikroC PRO for PIC UART Library provides comfortable work with the Asynchronous (full duplex) mode.

You can easily communicate with other devices via RS-232 protocol (for example with PC, see the figure at the end of the topic – RS-232 HW connection). You need a PIC MCU with hardware integrated UART, for example 16F887. Then, simply use the functions listed below.

Important :

UART library routines require you to specify the module you want to use. To select the desired UART module, simply change the letter x in the routine prototype for a number from 1 to 2.
Switching between the UART modules in the UART library is done by the UART_Set_Active function (UART modules have to be previously initialized).
Number of UART modules per MCU differs from chip to chip. Please, read the appropriate datasheet before utilizing this library.

Library Routines

Generic Routines

UARTx_Init

Example
Prototype	void UARTx_Init(constunsigned long baud_rate);
Returns	Nothing.
Description	Initializes desired hardware UART module with the desired baud rate. Refer to the device data sheet for baud rates allowed for specific `Fosc`. If you specify the unsupported baud rate, compiler will report an error.
Requires	You need PIC MCU with hardware UART. `UARTx_Init` needs to be called before using other functions from UART Library. Parameters : `baud_rate:` requested baud rate Refer to the device data sheet for baud rates allowed for specific Fosc. Note : Calculation of the UART baud rate value is carried out by the compiler, as it would produce a relatively large code if performed on the library level. Therefore, compiler needs to know the value of the parameter in the compile time. That is why this parameter needs to be a constant, and not a variable.

UARTx_Data_Ready

Example
Prototype	char UARTx_Data_Ready();
Returns	`1` if data is ready for reading `0` if there is no data in the receive register
Description	Use the function to test if data in receive buffer is ready for reading.
Requires	UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

UARTx_Tx_Idle

Example
Prototype	char UARTx_Tx_Idle();
Returns	`1` if the data has been transmitted `0` otherwise
Description	Use the function to test if the transmit shift register is empty or not.
Requires	UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

UARTx_Read

Example
Prototype	char UARTx_Read();
Returns	Returns the received byte.
Description	Function receives a byte via UART. Use the function UARTx_Data_Ready to test if data is ready first.
Requires	UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

UARTx_Read_Text

Prototype	void UARTx_Read_Text(char Output, char* Delimiter, char* Attempts);
Returns	Nothing.
Description	Reads characters received via UART until the delimiter sequence is detected. The read sequence is stored in the parameter `output`; delimiter sequence is stored in the parameter `delimiter`. This is a blocking call: the delimiter sequence is expected, otherwise the procedure exits (if the delimiter is not found). Parameters : `Output:` received text `Delimiter:` sequence of characters that identifies the end of a received string `Attempts:` defines number of received characters in which `Delimiter` sequence is expected. If `Attempts` is set to 255, this routine will continuously try to detect the `Delimiter` sequence.
Requires	UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.
Example	Read text until the sequence “OK” is received, and send back what’s been received:

UARTx_Write

Example
Prototype	void UARTx_Write(char data_);
Returns	Nothing.
Description	The function transmits a byte via the UART module. Parameters : `_data:` data to be sent
Requires	UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

UARTx_Write_Text

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Prototype	void UARTx_Write_Text(char * UART_text);
Returns	Nothing.
Description	Sends text via UART. Text should be zero terminated. Parameters : `UART_text:` text to be sent
Requires	UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.
Example	Read text until the sequence “OK” is received, and send back what’s been received:

UART_Set_Active

Example
Prototype	void UART_Set_Active(char (read_ptr)(), void* (write_ptr)(unsigned char* data_), char (ready_ptr)(), char* (*tx_idle_ptr)())
Returns	Nothing.
Description	Sets active UART module which will be used by the UART library routines. Parameters : `read_ptr:`UARTx_Read handler `write_ptr:`UARTx_Write handler `ready_ptr:`UARTx_Data_Ready handler `tx_idle_ptr:`UARTx_Tx_Idle handler
Requires	Routine is available only for MCUs with two UART modules. Used UART module must be initialized before using this routine. See UARTx_Init routine

UART_Data_Ready

Example
Prototype	char UART_Data_Ready();
Returns	`1` if data is ready for reading `0` if there is no data in the receive register
Description	Use the function to test if data in receive buffer is ready for reading. This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine.
Requires	UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

UART_Tx_Idle

Example
Prototype	char UART_Tx_Idle();
Returns	`1` if the data has been transmitted `0` otherwise
Description	Use the function to test if the transmit shift register is empty or not. This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine.
Requires	UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

UART_Read

Example
Prototype	char UART_Read();
Returns	Returns the received byte.
Description	Function receives a byte via UART. Use the function UART_Data_Ready to test if data is ready first. This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine.
Requires	UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

UART_Read_Text

Prototype	void UART_Read_Text(char Output, char* Delimiter, char* Attempts);
Returns	Nothing.
Description	Reads characters received via UART until the delimiter sequence is detected. The read sequence is stored in the parameter `output`; delimiter sequence is stored in the parameter `delimiter`. This is a blocking call: the delimiter sequence is expected, otherwise the procedure exits (if the delimiter is not found). This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine. Parameters : `Output:` received text `Delimiter:` sequence of characters that identifies the end of a received string `Attempts:` defines number of received characters in which `Delimiter` sequence is expected. If `Attempts` is set to 255, this routine will continuously try to detect the `Delimiter` sequence.
Requires	UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.
Example	Read text until the sequence “OK” is received, and send back what’s been received:

UART_Write

Example
Prototype	void UART_Write(char data_);
Returns	Nothing.
Description	The function transmits a byte via the UART module. This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine. Parameters : `_data:` data to be sent
Requires	UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

UART_Write_Text

Prototype	void UART_Write_Text(char * UART_text);
Returns	Nothing.
Description	Sends text via UART. Text should be zero terminated. This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine. Parameters : `UART_text:` text to be sent
Requires	UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.
Example	Read text until the sequence “OK” is received, and send back what’s been received:

Library Example

The example demonstrates a simple data exchange via UART. When PIC MCU receives data, it immediately sends it back. If PIC is connected to the PC (see the figure below), you can test the example from the mikroC PRO for PIC terminal for RS-232 communication, menu choice Tools › Terminal.

HW Connection

RS-232 HW connection

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Arithmetic Types

The arithmetic type specifiers are built up from the following keywords: void, char, int, float and double, together with the prefixes short, long, signed and unsigned. From these keywords you can build both integral and floating-point types.

Integral Types

The types char and int, together with their variants, are considered to be integral data types. Variants are created by using one of the prefix modifiers short, long, signed and unsigned.

In the table below is an overview of the integral types – keywords in parentheses can be (and often are) omitted.

The modifiers signed and unsigned can be applied to both char and int. In the absence of the unsigned prefix, signed is automatically assumed for integral types. The only exception is char, which is unsigned by default. The keywords signed and unsigned, when used on their own, mean signed int and unsigned int, respectively.

The modifiers short and long can only be applied to int. The keywords short and long, used on their own, mean short int and long int, respectively.

Type	Size in bytes	Range
bit	1–bit	0 or 1
sbit	1–bit	0 or 1
(unsigned) char	1	0 .. 255
signed char	1	- 128 .. 127
(signed) short (int)	1	- 128 .. 127
unsigned short (int)	1	0 .. 255
(signed) int	2	-32768 .. 32767
unsigned (int)	2	0 .. 65535
(signed) long (int)	4	-2147483648 .. 2147483647
unsigned long (int)	4	0 .. 4294967295

Floating-point Types

The types float and double, together with the long double variant, are considered to be floating-point types. The mikroC PRO for PIC’s implementation of an ANSI Standard considers all three to be the same type.

Floating point in the mikroC PRO for PIC is implemented using the Microchip AN575 32-bit format (IEEE 754 compliant).

An overview of the floating-point types is shown in the table below:

Type	Size in bytes	Range
float	4	-1.5 * 10⁴⁵ .. +3.4 * 10³⁸
double	4	-1.5 * 10⁴⁵ .. +3.4 * 10³⁸
long double	4	-1.5 * 10⁴⁵ .. +3.4 * 10³⁸

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