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MikroC PRO for PICand this manual are owned by mikroElektronika and are protected by copyright law and international copyright treaty. Therefore, you should treat this manual like any other copyrighted material (e.g., a book). The manual and the compiler may not be copied, partially or as a whole without the written consent from the. MikroC PRO for PIC. 3.9 on 190 votes. MikroC PRO for PIC is a full-featured ANSI C compiler for PIC devices from Microchip. The mikroC Pro for PIC language includes a 7-segment LED editor that can be used to find the decimal or hexadecimal codes to be sent to a port to display a given pattern. All you need to do is to click on the LED segments and the corresponding value in Hex or decimal will be generated for common anode and common cathode.

  1. ENJOY LEARNING WITH #HAYDERTECHNOLOGYThis is a complete series explaining all the things about MicroC PRO for PIC Microcontroller. Starting from downloadi.
  2. The mikroC PRO for PIC provides routines for implementing Software I²C communication. These routines are hardware independent and can be used with any MCU. The Software I²C library enables you to use MCU as Master in I²C communication. Multi-master mode is not supported.

UART Library

The UART hardware module is available with a number of PIC compliant MCUs. The mikroC PRO for PIC UART Library provides comfortable work with the Asynchronous (full duplex) mode.

You can easily communicate with other devices via RS-232 protocol (for example with PC, see the figure at the end of the topic – RS-232 HW connection). You need a PIC MCU with hardware integrated UART, for example 16F887. Then, simply use the functions listed below.

Important :
  • UART library routines require you to specify the module you want to use. To select the desired UART module, simply change the letter x in the routine prototype for a number from 1 to 2.
  • Switching between the UART modules in the UART library is done by the UART_Set_Active function (UART modules have to be previously initialized).
  • Number of UART modules per MCU differs from chip to chip. Please, read the appropriate datasheet before utilizing this library.

Library Routines

Generic Routines

UARTx_Init

Prototype

void UARTx_Init(constunsigned long baud_rate);

Returns

Nothing.

Description

Initializes desired hardware UART module with the desired baud rate. Refer to the device data sheet for baud rates allowed for specific Fosc. If you specify the unsupported baud rate, compiler will report an error.

Requires

You need PIC MCU with hardware UART.

UARTx_Init needs to be called before using other functions from UART Library.

Parameters :

  • baud_rate: requested baud rate

Refer to the device data sheet for baud rates allowed for specific Fosc.

Note : Calculation of the UART baud rate value is carried out by the compiler, as it would produce a relatively large code if performed on the library level.
Therefore, compiler needs to know the value of the parameter in the compile time. That is why this parameter needs to be a constant, and not a variable.
Example

UARTx_Data_Ready

Prototype

char UARTx_Data_Ready();

Returns
  • 1 if data is ready for reading
  • 0 if there is no data in the receive register
Description

Use the function to test if data in receive buffer is ready for reading.

Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

UARTx_Tx_Idle

Prototype

char UARTx_Tx_Idle();

Returns
  • 1 if the data has been transmitted
  • 0 otherwise
Description

Use the function to test if the transmit shift register is empty or not.

Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

UARTx_Read

Prototype

char UARTx_Read();

Returns

Returns the received byte.

Description

Function receives a byte via UART. Use the function UARTx_Data_Ready to test if data is ready first.

Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example
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UARTx_Read_Text

Prototype

void UARTx_Read_Text(char *Output, char *Delimiter, char Attempts);

Returns

Nothing.

Description

Reads characters received via UART until the delimiter sequence is detected. The read sequence is stored in the parameter output; delimiter sequence is stored in the parameter delimiter.

This is a blocking call: the delimiter sequence is expected, otherwise the procedure exits (if the delimiter is not found).

Parameters :

  • Output: received text
  • Delimiter: sequence of characters that identifies the end of a received string
  • Attempts: defines number of received characters in which Delimiter sequence is expected. If Attempts is set to 255, this routine will continuously try to detect the Delimiter sequence.
Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

Read text until the sequence “OK” is received, and send back what’s been received:

UARTx_Write

Prototype

void UARTx_Write(char data_);

Returns

Nothing.

Description

The function transmits a byte via the UART module.

Parameters :

  • _data: data to be sent
Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

UARTx_Write_Text

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Prototype

void UARTx_Write_Text(char * UART_text);

Returns

Nothing.

Description

Sends text via UART. Text should be zero terminated.

Parameters :

  • UART_text: text to be sent
Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

Read text until the sequence “OK” is received, and send back what’s been received:

UART_Set_Active

Prototype

void UART_Set_Active(char (*read_ptr)(), void (*write_ptr)(unsigned char data_), char (*ready_ptr)(), char (*tx_idle_ptr)())

Returns

Nothing.

Description

Sets active UART module which will be used by the UART library routines.

Parameters :

  • read_ptr:UARTx_Read handler
  • write_ptr:UARTx_Write handler
  • ready_ptr:UARTx_Data_Ready handler
  • tx_idle_ptr:UARTx_Tx_Idle handler
Requires

Routine is available only for MCUs with two UART modules.

Used UART module must be initialized before using this routine. See UARTx_Init routine

Example

UART_Data_Ready

Prototype

char UART_Data_Ready();

Returns
  • 1 if data is ready for reading
  • 0 if there is no data in the receive register
Description

Use the function to test if data in receive buffer is ready for reading.

This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine.

Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

UART_Tx_Idle

Prototype

char UART_Tx_Idle();

Returns
  • 1 if the data has been transmitted
  • 0 otherwise
Description

Use the function to test if the transmit shift register is empty or not.

This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine.

Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

UART_Read

Prototype

char UART_Read();

Returns

Returns the received byte.

Description

Function receives a byte via UART. Use the function UART_Data_Ready to test if data is ready first.

This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine.

Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

UART_Read_Text

Prototype

void UART_Read_Text(char *Output, char *Delimiter, char Attempts);

Returns

Nothing.

Description

Reads characters received via UART until the delimiter sequence is detected. The read sequence is stored in the parameter output; delimiter sequence is stored in the parameter delimiter.

This is a blocking call: the delimiter sequence is expected, otherwise the procedure exits (if the delimiter is not found).

This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine.

Parameters :

  • Output: received text
  • Delimiter: sequence of characters that identifies the end of a received string
  • Attempts: defines number of received characters in which Delimiter sequence is expected. If Attempts is set to 255, this routine will continuously try to detect the Delimiter sequence.
Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

Read text until the sequence “OK” is received, and send back what’s been received:

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UART_Write

Prototype

void UART_Write(char data_);

Returns

Nothing.

Description

The function transmits a byte via the UART module.

This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine.

Parameters :

  • _data: data to be sent
Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

UART_Write_Text

Prototype

void UART_Write_Text(char * UART_text);

Returns

Nothing.

Description

Sends text via UART. Text should be zero terminated.

This is a generic routine which uses the active UART module previously activated by the UART_Set_Active routine.

Parameters :

  • UART_text: text to be sent
Requires

UART HW module must be initialized and communication established before using this function. See UARTx_Init.

Example

Read text until the sequence “OK” is received, and send back what’s been received:

Library Example

The example demonstrates a simple data exchange via UART. When PIC MCU receives data, it immediately sends it back. If PIC is connected to the PC (see the figure below), you can test the example from the mikroC PRO for PIC terminal for RS-232 communication, menu choice Tools › Terminal.

HW Connection

RS-232 HW connection

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Arithmetic Types

The arithmetic type specifiers are built up from the following keywords: void, char, int, float and double, together with the prefixes short, long, signed and unsigned. From these keywords you can build both integral and floating-point types.

Integral Types

The types char and int, together with their variants, are considered to be integral data types. Variants are created by using one of the prefix modifiers short, long, signed and unsigned.

In the table below is an overview of the integral types – keywords in parentheses can be (and often are) omitted.

The modifiers signed and unsigned can be applied to both char and int. In the absence of the unsigned prefix, signed is automatically assumed for integral types. The only exception is char, which is unsigned by default. The keywords signed and unsigned, when used on their own, mean signed int and unsigned int, respectively.

The modifiers short and long can only be applied to int. The keywords short and long, used on their own, mean short int and long int, respectively.

TypeSize in bytesRange
bit1–bit0 or 1
sbit1–bit0 or 1
(unsigned) char10 .. 255
signed char1- 128 .. 127
(signed) short (int)1- 128 .. 127
unsigned short (int)10 .. 255
(signed) int2-32768 .. 32767
unsigned (int)20 .. 65535
(signed) long (int)4-2147483648 .. 2147483647
unsigned long (int)40 .. 4294967295
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Floating-point Types

The types float and double, together with the long double variant, are considered to be floating-point types. The mikroC PRO for PIC’s implementation of an ANSI Standard considers all three to be the same type.

Floating point in the mikroC PRO for PIC is implemented using the Microchip AN575 32-bit format (IEEE 754 compliant).

An overview of the floating-point types is shown in the table below:

TypeSize in bytesRange
float4-1.5 * 1045 .. +3.4 * 1038
double4-1.5 * 1045 .. +3.4 * 1038
long double4-1.5 * 1045 .. +3.4 * 1038
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